Пример - scale

function draw() {
  var ctx = document
               .getElementById('canvas')
               .getContext('2d');
  ctx.strokeStyle = "#fc0";
  ctx.lineWidth = 1.5;
  ctx.fillRect(0,0,300,300);

  // Uniform scaling
  ctx.save()
  ctx.translate(50,50);
  drawSpirograph(ctx,22,6,5);

  ctx.translate(100,0);
  ctx.scale(0.75,0.75);
  drawSpirograph(ctx,22,6,5);

  ctx.translate(133.333,0);
  ctx.scale(0.75,0.75);
  drawSpirograph(ctx,22,6,5);
  ctx.restore();

  // Non uniform scaling (y direction)
  ctx.strokeStyle = "#0cf";
  ctx.save()
  ctx.translate(50,150);
  ctx.scale(1,0.75);
  drawSpirograph(ctx,22,6,5);

  ctx.translate(100,0);
  ctx.scale(1,0.75);
  drawSpirograph(ctx,22,6,5);

  ctx.translate(100,0);
  ctx.scale(1,0.75);
  drawSpirograph(ctx,22,6,5);
  ctx.restore();

  // Non uniform scaling (x direction)
  ctx.strokeStyle = "#cf0";
  ctx.save()
  ctx.translate(50,250);
  ctx.scale(0.75,1);
  drawSpirograph(ctx,22,6,5);

  ctx.translate(133.333,0);
  ctx.scale(0.75,1);
  drawSpirograph(ctx,22,6,5);

  ctx.translate(177.777,0);
  ctx.scale(0.75,1);
  drawSpirograph(ctx,22,6,5);
  ctx.restore();
  
}
function drawSpirograph(ctx,R,r,O){
  var x1 = R-O;
  var y1 = 0;
  var i  = 1;
  ctx.beginPath();
  ctx.moveTo(x1,y1);
  do {
    if (i>20000) break;
    var x2 = (R+r)*Math.cos(i*Math.PI/72) 
      - (r+O)*Math.cos(((R+r)/r)*(i*Math.PI/72))
    var y2 = (R+r)*Math.sin(i*Math.PI/72) 
     - (r+O)*Math.sin(((R+r)/r)*(i*Math.PI/72))
    ctx.lineTo(x2,y2);
    x1 = x2;
    y1 = y2;
    i++;
  } while (x2 != R-O && y2 != 0 );
  ctx.stroke();
}